Free Essays - The Character of Elizabeth Bennet in Pride and Prejudice :: Pride Prejudice Essays

The Character of Elizabeth Bennet in Pride and Prejudice     Pride and Prejudice the novel by Jane capital of Texas has a main theme of romance, but galore(postnominal) other sub themes are present.  I intend to demonstrate that Elizabeth Bennet is an interesting character in the book.   The man plot of the story revolves around Elizabeth (or Eliza) Bennet, who belongs to a family of five sisters, and her relationship with eligible bachelor Mr Darcy. However, Pride and Prejudice is a very complex novel, with many different subplots going on. One of these is the relationship between Elizas older sister Jane, and Bingley, Darcys friend. There are many misunderstandings within their courtship which have an important social function in the plot. Elizabeths father and mother play a part, as do her relations, friends and acquaintances. In the story, Eliza hates Darcy at first, thinking him proud, but overcomes her prejudice and comes round to loving him in th e end, and the two marry, as do Jane and Bingley. Another marriage is between Lydia, Elizabeths younger sister, and Wickham, a man who Eliza was initially interested in. However, his true character comes to light, and his marriage proves to be far from uneventful.   One reason why Elizabeth proves to be a very interesting character is her close friendship with her older sister Jane. The pair hold out each other very well, and they both feel a need to confide in one another due to the less that charming genius traits of the rest of their family. They are the only sensible ones if the household. Due to their constant contact, that are able to tell each others moods with great ease, Eliza especially. When Jane returns from seeing Bingley Elizabeth instantly read her feelings, so we know that they spend a lot of time in each others company.   Elizabeth obviously cares deeply about Jane, because when the later becomes ill while at Netherfield, Darcys home, Eliza t akes it upon herself to toss three miles through the mud to visit her. This greatly surprises the Netherfield party, but Eliza appears unconcerned. She mostly stays by Janes bedside during the visit, preferring her company to the superciliousness of Miss Bingley and Hurst.

Local Government In Tourism Essay -- essays research papers fc

topical anaesthetic G all overnment has no Role to Play in Tourist DevelopmentThe local Government is unrivalled of the keys to tourism maturation, a complete contradiction to that of the essay statement, which I believe really has no ground to stand on. In this essay I bequeath illustrate this point by showing the roles with which local government plays within the community, and the importance it has to creating a successfully developed tourism product that maximises the benefits for not merely the residences of the community but the tourist himself.Over the past forty years, trends in the tourism industry illustrate there has been evident growth on some(prenominal) a regional and global perspective. Because of this growing and growth of the industry it has ultimately brought large benefits to communities, providing great opportunity, economic development, employment and social benefits. Due to this benefit it is pressing that communities capitalise on these opportunities. One of the major authorities which provides the key roles to this success is that of local governments, who provide the ideal, authority, infrastructure and planning procedures to maximise the benefit for its communities, in a sustainable manner.The reasons for Local government playing such an important role is due to its channels of communications with its nations powers, who control the actions and decisions of the country. The government creates local governments and provides the framework and ascertain of decisions that local government makes for its community. This is initially created by government that sets the framework of legislation for local government to abide by. The government then creates local government to oblige the legislature and provide a nurturing role for the community. Government can not address the problems of the entire country, so it uses local government, to distribute its ideas, and hold influence over its regions and communities. This also illustrates that local government plays a major role in a communities development providing the links between the people and government and implements and addresses its communitys problems, frameworks and ideals, and receives the correct guidance for developing its regions product. Local government is ultimately created to nurture, channel and control ideas of the country into its community so as to create benefits and realisa... ...d healthy returns for the communities residence. Local government has no role to play in tourism development is a bold statement in the least. The reason for this is local governments steer its communities in the right direction, through allocation of scarce resources into the correct development procedures. Now than ever before the influence of correct allocation has been apparent, as they are fit far more limited, and if not used correctly, it is inevitable that in the long term market failures will occur. Local government is the key to tourism development in a ll communities, with its guiding hand it will ultimately produce the best benefit for all on a sustainable level, which will increase tourist arrival, increase community benefit and create a far more wealthy community and country.BibliographyCollier, Alan Principles of touristry Fourth Edition Longman 1997 modern Zealand Tourism Board Tourism in New Zealand Strategy and Progress New Zealand Tourism BoardNew Zealand Tourism Board Current Issues in New Zealand Tourism 1997 New Zealand Tourism BoardPlimmer, Neil Tourism and Local government 1993 Young, Ernst How and why should local government promote tourism 1995

Investigating the rate of diffusion of ammonia :: GCSE Chemistry Coursework Investigation

Investigating the rate of diffusion of ammoniaInvestigating the rate of diffusion of hydrochloric acid in nutrient agarPlanningYou can change different things you do to an experiment corresponding theamount of acid, temperature, size of the agar or concentration of theacid.We can cadency/observe on how long it takes to diffuse or the amountdiffused each minute.My partner and I are going to predict and measure the knockabout fourth dimension itwill take to diffuse at different temperatures.The factors that may affect the readings of our results are if thetemperature of the room may reduce the temperature of our water bathsor if the windows open. on that point may be a human error were the person which is timing may notget it exactly correct or you may not be able to measure the amount ofacid correctly.We are going to do the experiment three times and work out the meantime by adding the times together then dividing by however manyreadings youve added. You have to do them three time s just in casethe temperature varied. but you should get them roughly around a time.To throw it a fair test you must only change one factor. The factorsthat we are keeping the aforesaid(prenominal) are the amount of acid you test it in,the size of the agar cube and the container you do the experiment in.You have to keep the container the same because with a wider containerwill make it seem like there is only a small amount of acid were as a change state tube would make it seem like there is quite a lot. The factorthat we are changing is the temperature of the water bath, which wewill keep it in for however long it takes to diffuse.I predict that the high the temperature of Hydrochloric acid , thefaster it will diffuse.Found my information at www.britannica.comWhat are the factors that affect chemical reaction rate?Answer foundation heftiness, temperature, method, concentrations,particle size, and move up areaReactive impact Chemical reaction takes place only when two reactants collide under the right conditions. The higher the temperature themore reactants with kinetic energy above the activation energyEffect of temperatureincreasing temperature to overcome theactivation energy barrier and to increase entropy (a measure of theconfusion of the molecules in a substance)Effect of concentrationincreasing colliding frequencyWhen you heat a solution up the partials speed up and in this casemove the partials in the agar so much it forms a chemical reaction.The apparatuses we are going to use are 1 cm agar, boiling tubes,water baths at different temperatures, ice, boiling tube rack,

Mein Kampf And The Formation Of Hitlers Ideas Essay -- Adolf Hitler Hi

Mein Kampf And The Formation Of Hitlers Ideas The dominant political figure of German history in the twentieth century, Adolf Hitler, was born in a lower middle class family in the provincial Austrian town of Braunau am Inn on 20 April 1889. In 1907 Hitler applied to enter the capital of Austria Academy of Art but his application was rejected. After the death of his mother Klara, Hitler decided to move to Vienna. He drifted from job to job, often selling sketches or characterisation scenes of Old Vienna and it was a period that he himself later c everyed the most miserable period of his life. Many of Hitlers views of the world were shaped by his experiences on the streets of Vienna and it is probable that his violent anti-Semitism dates from this time.In 1924 Hitler was sentenced to five years in prison for his part in the Munich Putsch. During this time in prison Hitler began guide on his book entitled Mein Kamph (My Struggle). The book outlines some of Hitlers political ideas an d his views on race and Germanys future role in world affairs. Hitler had a racist view of world history and the dominant theme running through Mein Kamph was his concept of race. In Hitlers view, civilization and nations decline when the fail to suffer the purity of the race. Mixing blood and lowering of racial quality according to Hitler is the sole cause for the decline of all culture, for humans do not mutter from lost wars but from the loss of that power of resistance that is characteristic only of pure blood*. The fundamental duty of the government in Hitlers object was to preserve the racial purity of state for only this way can the superior race maintains it dominance over inferior races.To Hitler, the Aryan (an earlier Indo-European race from which the Germans were descended) was the master race and the other races were inferior. To Hitler the Jew represented the absolute contrast to the Aryan. The Aryans were the creators of culture and civilization, where else the Jew was the destroyer for they had no nation or culture of their own. They were a poriferan in the body of other nations* contaminating the purity of the blood, exploiting and corrupting the nation. Hitler saw a Jewish world conspiracy and held absolute conviction that the Jews were responsible for all the evils that had befallen Germany defeat of in war, revolution, economic collapse and Marxism. But abo... ...ak, that superior races prevail over inferior races. This concept with its theme of struggle and survival of the fittest appealed to Hitler. Struggle wrote Hitler is the forefather of all thingsHe who wants to live must fight and who does not want to fight in this world where external struggle is the law of life has no right to exist*.In Mein Kamph Hitler offered some insight into his thinking on exercise of power and in particular the important role of propaganda, his contempt of parliamentary democracy and the Weimar Republic. Hitler also wrote of the need for a national re vival and the quest for living space. Hitler linked his hatred of communism with his hatred of Jews. In Hitlers thought Russia was the centre of a Jewish conspiracy, a concept reinforced in Hitlers thinking by the fact that many of the leaders of the Bolshevik novelty were Jewish.Mein Kamph is an important book because it reveals a great deal about Hitlers mind, outlook and the ideas that became the basis of National Socialism. What he wrote as his philosophy in 1924 he began to implement as policy when he became supreme ruler of Germany after 1934.* Quoted from Mein Kamph, Adolf Hitler, 1924

Acoustics :: acoustic acoustics sound

The concert hall is one of mans greatest joys enjoying a fine symphony composed by the worlds greatest, performed by a world class orchestra. For months afterwards, the borgoise attendees will speak of the energy of the conductor, the orchestra responding to him, the power of it all. The crescendoes, the diminuendos, the stark silences between movements, the clarity of the soloist above the rest of the orchestra. Little do they know that were it not for the meticulous consideration of the architect at construction snip, the patrons would not feel that they were getting their moneys worth.The architect is tapping into the world of acoustics in this case, achieving the best possible sonic feel through differing techniques different materials, certain shapes of rooms, sound traps, etcetera. Acoustics and sound, like so many physics branches, starts out relatively simple and quickly becomes a gigantic headache. long amounts of planning must go into a large structure much(prenominal) as a concert hall, a dance hall. Even small structures, such as the phonebooth, have hours of careful planning put into their design, in order to achieve the desired effect with the varied sound sources. This page is designed to express the reader in the basics of acoustics, using the theory behind acoustics and the examples of the concert hall and the dancehall.Technically, the definition of sound is a pressure wave in an elastic medium. This agency that our pressure wave can be present in air, water, wood, steel... many different solids as well as air (and liquid). One of the most greenness units of stripement of sound is intensity, or the rate at which sound energy is being transmitted into the medium. (low sound intensity would be something like somebody applause between movements, high sound intensity would be the applause after Beethovens 9th) The unit of intensity is the decibel, or db. We use a logarithmic scale to measure these, as it is difficult to understand the ran ge of the decibel in linear terms.Other units of measurement are the period and the amplitude of the wave. As we see in the graphic, we have the graph of time versus sound pressure, with our little wave traversing it. The amplitude is the highest value the graph reaches before descending again, while the period is the amount of time it takes for the wave to complete a full cycle.Other terms of note for the diagram are compression, which is represented by the parts of the graph in the coercive region of sound pressure, and rarefraction, which is represented by negative pressure.

Acoustics :: acoustic acoustics sound

The design hall is one of mans greatest joys enjoying a attractive symphony composed by the beingnesss greatest, performed by a world class orchestra. For months afterwards, the borgoise attendees will speak of the energy of the conductor, the orchestra responding to him, the power of it all. The crescendoes, the diminuendos, the stark silences between movements, the clarity of the soloist supra the rest of the orchestra. Little do they know that were it not for the meticulous consideration of the architect at construction time, the patrons would not feel that they were getting their moneys worth.The architect is tapping into the world of acoustics in this case, achieving the best possible sonic experience through differing techniques different materials, certain shapes of rooms, punishing traps, etcetera. Acoustics and sound, like so many physics branches, starts out relatively simple and quickly becomes a gigantic headache. Massive amounts of planning must go into a large str ucture such as a concert hall, a dance hall. Even small structures, such as the phonebooth, have hours of c beful planning put into their design, in order to achieve the desired takings with the varied sound sources. This page is designed to inform the reader in the basics of acoustics, using the theory behind acoustics and the examples of the concert hall and the dancehall.Technically, the definition of sound is a pressure wave in an elastic medium. This means that our pressure wave can be present in air, water, wood, steel... many different solids as easily as air (and liquid). One of the most common units of measurement of sound is intensity, or the rate at which sound energy is being transmitted into the medium. (low sound intensity would be something like somebody clapping between movements, high sound intensity would be the applause after Beethovens 9th) The unit of intensity is the decibel, or db. We use a logarithmic scale to measure these, as it is difficult to understand the range of the decibel in linear terms.Other units of measurement are the period and the amplitude of the wave. As we see in the graphic, we have the graph of time versus sound pressure, with our little wave traversing it. The amplitude is the highest value the graph reaches beforehand descending again, while the period is the amount of time it takes for the wave to complete a full cycle.Other terms of note for the diagram are compression, which is correspond by the parts of the graph in the positive region of sound pressure, and rarefraction, which is represented by negative pressure.

A Swot Analysis of Starbucks

Introduction Starbucks is a famous chocolateho white plague. Until the mid-1980s it was only a provider of coffee bean to bewitching restaurants. Thereafter Howard Schultz, director of retail operations and commercialize, was impressed of the popularity of coffee in Milan while he was in Europe . His idea was born. He wanted to assume the coffee bar culture to the Ameri bay windows. So Starbucks started to realise his idea and so pass waterd a in the buff trend. The clue is not only to contend coffee, but to sell an experience. Today Starbucks has got about 20 million customers each week in about 5500 coffeehouses all everyplace the world .While haunting to increase sales more and more, Starbucks has got a special branch st yardgy. They open a lot of stores in a very short period of time, expanding numerous regimen offerings and excessively getting into new segments, for example super marketplaces. They originate new ingatherings like bottled coffee or Starbucks-flavo ured ice cream. In addition to that, Starbucks tests new coffeehouse concepts, for example with proceed music. Since a few years, Starbucks opens more and more stores outside America.The important misgiving is, if Starbucks growth rate will continue within next years be curtilage on the one hand critics say that Starbucks grows too fast and is loosing the focus while on the otherwise hand some critics comp argon Starbucks coffee with Mc Donalds? hamburger and believe that they will grow up more and more as the dominant player on this market . With the help of the SWOT compendium and the BCG matrix the situation of Starbucks can be analyzed after finding out, why the commodious unwashed pay more funds for a coffee, than in other coffeehouses.What has suddenly made people across the world willing to pay three to four times more for a cup of coffee than they employ to? Starbucks has created a new trend. They do not just sell coffee, they sell an experience. To drink coffee at S tarbucks is different from drinking coffee in some other coffeehouse according to a Starbucks executive who said, that Starbucks is not in the business of filling bellies but in the business of filling souls . They recognised that they were getting into a new niche, which did not exist before.While having great success, Starbucks grows rapidly to have an receipts according to a bunch of competitors who too entered this new niche. With the high-quality coffee, Starbucks creates besides a new brand a new lifestyle which is kn possess all over the world. Furthermore, they offer a lot of different flavours which differs from other coffeehouses. But coffee is not the only reason why people are willing to pay a lot more there than in other coffeehouses. The boot statement declares that the employees job is not only to sell coffee.They should enthusiastically satisfy every customer to give him the special feeling and experience at Starbucks . every give-up the ghost(predicate) in al l Starbucks recognised a new niche and satisfied the customers with their special flavoured and high quality coffee. To get an idea of Starbucks success, it is necessary to wipe out a close look at the fraternity by development the SWOT analysis and the BCG matrix. A SWOT analysis of Starbucks Strengths The gild has a strong comportment in the United States of America and a good reputation for creativity and coffee. Starbucks has started a real trend and many people enjoy drinking a Starbucks coffee.However, it is not just coffee but rather an experience Starbucks sells. Starbucks operates in more than 5,500 stores worldwide. This presence provides a wide and strong customer beginning. It is a world-wide brand and is widely known. Starbucks built up a reputation for fine crossings and the name is a common brand label and this gives Starbucks a competitive advantage because people connect coffee with Starbucks. Every week more than 20 million customers visit Starbucks to get a coffee once or double a day. In the last years the companion could tripled their earnings. Another strength is that Starbucks has a strategy they follow.These strong principles include that Starbucks looks after their employees and threat each of them with respect. They create a nice and friendly environment that they also reflect outwards. Starbucks offers different flavours through its position as a disciplined innovator and introduces diverse productions. They also pay attention to the high standards and want to offer the best quality. Starbucks decided to push into supermarkets because the majority of people bought their coffee in stores before. Therefore Starbucks came to the conclusion to betray a deal with the Kraft company.This deal combines Starbucks experience in producing subsidy coffee with Krafts knowledge of marketing, interchange and distributing. That was a good tread for Starbucks to reach a new channel and to get the entry to 25,000 supermarkets. It makes s ense that the company wants to reach the people at home and to include more people into the Starbucks lifestyle. Beyond stores, Starbucks sells its beans to hotels, several airlines and airports. Starbucks sells gourmet coffee, beans as well as gifts and related goods. (Starbucks also signed a deal to operate coffee shops within Waterstones bookstall superstores. Also the homepage of Starbucks has become successful and a lifestyle portal, where the company sells a variety of products like tea, coffee making equipment, compact discs and collectibles to satisfy their customers postulate with different products. Weaknesses One of Starbucks weakness is that their primary product is just coffee. They are therefore dependent on this main product line. Starbucks is however testing to show food offerings like sandwiches and chips in combination with coffee. Its goal is not only to expand more and more in its offerings but also to reach however target groups .A problem is that Starbucks has a slow ability to diversify into other sectors which could be fatal because the company believes in being successful not only because it is selling coffee but rather it is selling an experience . This makes them different from other competitors who might only sell coffee. coffee tree Lifestyle may vary from time to time due to the situation that the global coffee market is a very competitive sector . Another weakness are high prices of its products. People pay up to $3. 15 for a caffe latte. One supposes that people buy this product only because they think that it is a premium product .But it is especially the brand name which tempts customers to buy the product without taking the high prices into consideration. As already mentioned before, the customer is not only buying the product, he is buying it with an experience. Another weakness of Starbucks is that they are simply relying on the philosophy that coffee is just an experience. There exists no doubt a good marketing stra tegy but it is question qualified if this is helpful to maintain over time on the market with the strategy of only focusing on one product. We are not in business of filling bellies were in the business of filling souls says one Starbucks executive.That shows another very good and appealing philosophy of Starbucks. This makes the product and its uniqueness but it is only a question of time when people are saturated of this experience. You have to point out that Starbucks itself tries hard to achieve this instal by the people through a competent public relationship. Opportunities Starbucks has a widespread presence and practices in about 1. 415 stores and just last year they set up up 400 new stores. The company has seen opportunities to open further stores all over the world due to the heavy demand and space to expand. For example inch in the US has only one Starbucks.Furthermore, Starbucks has the opportunity to expand its global operations. The company is now expanding rapidly and in 2003 the number of stores has increased in 24 international markets compared to 1996 when they had only 11 stores outside the United States. Starbucks also tests new food which represents that food might be the next step they want to go. With this the company would have the chance to offer food that could be successful as its coffee. They test everything from doughnuts to Greek pasta salads. Starbucks also teamed up with PepsiCo to adopt the brand on Frappuccino drinks and a newDoubleShot expresso drink.Beyond this Starbucks ice cream is nowadays a leading brand of coffee ice cream after Starbucks established a knock venture with Breyers. In addition, Starbucks invested in Cafe Starbucks, a European-style family bistro, where the costumer has a wide choice from huckleberry-pancakes too oven-roasted seared sirloin. Alongside, Starbucks is testing Circadia, a new food venture, where the customers have Internet access and listen to live music. Starbucks has always been able to offer new coffee experiences as well as creating new products or opening new kinds of stores. ThreatsOne of the biggest threats of Starbucks is its grand expansion all over the world. When constituteing a new product numerous customers are visiting the companys stores world wide each week. It is especially Starbucks growth strategy which stands for a threat for the company. Starbucks especially conpennyrates on store growth. Almost 85 per cent of sales are generated through its stores. Although they have great success, Starbucks always finds new places for further expansion on the local as well as on the national market with being aware of the fact that the local as well as the national market may be saturated of its product.The intro of new retail channels also shows that Starbucks is not concerned about peoples rejection or about failing to be successful. Apart from their strong presence in kiosks, several airlines, hotels and the co-operation with Waterstones bookshop superstor es, Starbucks enters 25,000 supermarkets to sell their products next to their strong competitors like Nestle and Kraft. They also offer coffee, tea and its equipment on its website to be internationally present for a wider target group. To intensify its presence they are not deterred by joining with other companies to have its logo to be seen everywhere.Several ideas should achieve various people. They are full of ideas only of the fact of not wanting to stop their expansion. However, the international growth is remarkable. While having only 11 coffee-houses in 1996 outside North-America, they now launch their products into 24 international markets. The great success of Starbucks has also brought negative consequences for the company because many competitors try to imitate them. These are companies like Caribou Coffee, Costa Coffee, and Coffee Republic. However, it is very hard to maintain on the global coffee market which is a very competitive sector.These days one speaks about an increasingly over caffeinated marketplace. So Starbucks must compete against the offers of restaurants, coffee shops and street carts. A major competitor with substantially greater financial, marketing and operating resources than Starbucks could enter the market at any time and compete directly against the company. Starbucks must be aware of competition on all levels and maintain its operational performance if it is to retain place as the worlds leading specialty coffee retailer.Finally you could say that Starbucks is more concerned about the fact that there are sedate plenty of local places as well as internationally places which is not taken over by them. Instead of being worried about the fact that their rapid expansion could also lead to a rapid decrease and failure in several markets. The totally marketing strategy of Starbucks may cause to a loss of the main focus through stretching its resources by further expansion. Main focus should be first put on the product itself an d not on international expansion in this way.Why not ensure the popularity of the product itself than making it something normal due to the fact that it is present most everywhere. It can be seen undoubtedly that Starbucks has the voltage for development in many different ways but it has to have its growth under control. This may be a challenge for Starbucks. BCG Matrix The BCG matrix is an instrument, developed in the early 1970? s by the Boston Consulting Group to analyze the product portfolio of a company or a business unit. The matrix is based on the product life circle. The matrix is mainly employ in the strategic marketing sector.The matrix shows in a coordinate plan the positions of different strategic business units. The interesting categories are on the one side the business growth rate on the y-axis and the market share on the x-axis. The method brings cognitions in three relevant areas ?Analysis of the strategic position of a company. ?Determine the capital in the sev eral business units with a view on the whole company and therefore the cash flow in the company. ?Every quadrant responds to a norm strategy which could be used as a guideline to verbalize strategic activities in the company .It is also necessary to look after the whole portfolio especially on the statistical financial compensation. The products in the portfolio should be based upon on another and finance one another. To create a long-term pry a company should have a portfolio of products that includes fast growing products which need a high input of money and slowly growing products which are creating a high amount of cash. The BCG matrix has two dimensions relative market share and market growth rate. The idea behind this matrix is if a product has a high market share or the market of the product is growing fast than it is an advantage for the company.Analysis of Starbucks using the BCG Matrix Cash cows Benefits from the genesis of cash should be high. Because of the low-growth rate capital expenditures which are necessary should be hold low. Often cash cows are the stars of yesterday and build the base of a company . One of Starbucks cash cows is their coffee ice cream. This is a relatively risk free investment that doesnt absorb great amounts of cash. Through the partnership with Breyers, Starbucks doesnt need to spend money on the production process. With Breyer? experience and the Starbucks name the ice cream was sure to succeed on the market. With it now being one of the market leaders on the coffee ice cream market, Starbucks can milk it and benefit from the sales, knowing that there is not a high cost factor. Another, but quite small cash cow is their bottled Frappuccino drink. Once again Starbucks took on a exchangeable strategy by working with an already established beverage manufacturer. The investments are once again a lot lower than their sales, giving them a high profit margin. Stars Stars use a high amount of cash.These are leader in the bus iness and hence they should create a high amount of cash. Stars are often in balance with the net cash-flow. The company should do their best to hold the market share on stars because stars will become cash-cows if the market-share is held by the company . Starbucks biggest star is the coffee change and consumed in their coffee shops (stores). With an incredible 85% of sales coming from their stores it is their biggest source of cash intake . Although competitors offering similar products have emerged, the market growth still looks promising.Some states like Alabama and Mississippi dont have any Starbucks stores meaning that there is still a large market to expand onto. The people living in these states have not been able to enjoy a cup of Starbucks coffee. The revenues from their coffee sales should therefore be used to invest in new stores making it possible to sell their coffee. Another one of their stars is the packaged coffee sold in supermarkets. With the help of Kraft Starbu cks has gained nimble access to the packaged coffee market. Thus they have been able to quickly increase their market share on a rapidly growing market .Unlike their other joint ventures with PepsiCo and Breyers, Starbucks has done more than just put their name on the product. As they are still roasting and packaging their own coffee they need to invest a lot to further establish their position on the market. Dogs Dogs are discontinued models of the company. A company should minimize, better parry the number of dogs. Dogs have to make cash, otherwise they are divested . Starbucks? dog is the sandwiches sold in their stores. Although they experiment with different foods in their stores, they do not make a lot of profit from food sales.Furthermore it can be said that the sandwich market is not growing and Starbucks do not have a high market share. However, this SBU should not be divested immediately as it may help them to draw in further customers who know that they will be able to grab a sandwich to go with their coffee. Question marks Question marks are the newcomer of the products. The have a high growth-potential. They have the shell cash features of all, because they have a high demand of cash but perform low outcomes because of their low market-share. If the market-share is unchanged are question marks using a high amount of cash.The management has to decide to invest in the product or to give it up. Starbucks further attempts to boost their growth much(prenominal) as selling coffee to airlines and hotels can be classified as question marks. At the moment the demand for premium coffee to be sold in airports and hotels might be high, but so far only Marriott, Sheraton and Westin have deals with Starbucks meaning that there are a lot of hotels not selling their coffee . If they want to expand on this market they will need to invest a lot of money into new deals with other hotels.It will take time before they can increase their market share and make a pro fit. Cafe Starbucks and Circadia, two new store concepts are also question marks. At the moment they are only experimenting to see how customers will react to a different kind of Starbucks experience. Setting up a chain of these new concepts will require a lot of money and time before they can establish themselves on the market. If they succeed in competing with other cafes of a similar style this SBU could be another profitable SBU in the futureAfter positioning Starbucks? products on the BCG matrix it can be said that they have a stable source of revenue. With the majority of their sales coming from the coffee sold in their stores and two profitable, if on a smaller scale, joint ventures they have replete money to invest in other new products or stores to ensure that they will be as successful in the future. Besides investing this money in new stores enabling them to serve an even larger market, it can be invested in their coffee sold in supermarkets.Rapid growth of the premium c offee segment indicates that it wont be long before a number of competitors force their way onto the market. Investing into this SBU will enable it to develop into a cash cow in the future. Regarding the sandwiches sold in their stores they need to reconsider if this is something they should continue to invest in the future. The prospects for the future look promising as they have two strong stars and other smaller products that can carry the company in the future. Looking at Starbucks as a whole it can be seen as a star.Although there are a number of copycats trying to move in on their market share, there is still the potential for the company to grow. Up until now not all states have their own Starbucks store, an indication that the market is still growing. Although they have tripled their sales and profits over the last 5 years, they need this money to invest in new stores in states such as Alabama and Mississippi and their new store concepts such as Cafe Starbucks . If they are able to expand successfully and the market ceases to grow they will eventually turn into a cash cow.

Prelude to American Revolution

Creating the New Nation The social, political, and economic consequences of the Revolutionary struggle and the premature the Statesn Republic have served as a blueprint for global freedom enabling subsequent generations and the nations to secure the blessings of liberty. With the culmination of the French and Indian War, British and American ethos clashed causing the American colonists to create a new nation founded on the principles of self-government and human liberty. The following paragraphs will detail a short history of the events that shaped this watershed historical and political movement. The year is 1754.After years of feeling envious of the Spanish spreading culture around the globe, the British dogged to follow in their footsteps, hoping for the same successful results. They set their sights on the New World that promises, Land as far as the eye can enter and religious freedom. So they set sail to travel to the Promised Land, only to soon find themselves in a major(i p) conflict. Its non before bulky that the British are in battle with the current French habitants. Both sides try to receive as much help as possible, by befriending local anaesthetic Native American tribes. This war is now famously known as The French and Indian War.This brutal, exhausting war lasts seven years. In 1763, the Treaty of with child(p) of France is subscribe to fin onlyy end the warfare. Taking note of this, the British Parliament issues the Proclamation of 1763, which forbade any British colonists to settle past the Appalachian Mountains. The tired, beaten-up, colonists were outraged. Some refused to travel along and moved out west any centerings. This is significant because this is the first sign of rebellious acts that the colonists made leading up to the American Revolution. The damage from the French and Indian War was far more devastating than people realized.Britain was severely in debt and stripped of resources. As a result, a few taxes were placed on the colonies. The most authorised being The Stamp Act of 1765. The idea was for the British to place a tax on all documents produced in the British colonies. This was the main form of communication, so having to pay even more for something they used very often frustrated the colonists to an even greater extent. Many colonists thought it was against their rights to be taxed without their consent. The phrase, taxation without representation became more and more popular within the general public.Some colonists even formed rebellious groups and protested the British Parliaments taxes. On March 5, 1770, a group of protesters were on King Street in Boston, Massachusetts. They began verbally abusing and harassing eight soldiers stati iodined in front of a building. Without order, the soldiers fired into the crowd, instantly killing three people and wounding others. This major event is known as the Boston Massacre. After several similar events, significant figures such as Benjamin Franklin , John Hancock, doubting Thomas Jefferson, and many others, signed the Declaration of Independence on July 4th, 1776.This document evoked that America is declaring its independence against the British Government. The thirteen colonies considered themselves independent, not knowing the major actions that Britain was going to commence. The American Revolution had officially begun. A disgruntled colonist named Thomas Paine wrote a pamphlet criticizing not only the British, but the colonists also. He thought that no one was actually taking actions in preparations for the war against Britain. He constantly used biblical references to try and influence people to take action.This pamphlet, titled Common signified is famously known as being the most popular pamphlet in the revolutionary era. In the midst of the Revolutionary War, the young country of America thought they needed some type of constitution therefore, The Articles of Confederation were established. The A of C loosely linked t he 13 recounts mainly to deal with foreign affairs. It didnt create an executive branch. Each state had a single vote and 9 of the 13 states had to vote for a bill before it passed. The main hassle with this was that Rhode Island had the same amount of power as Virginia, which had three times Rhode Islands population.Also, The A of C did not provide the government power to tax, raise an military or navy, and regulate commerce for national interests. States, however, could enforce taxes. Frustration continued throughout the American states for years. A farmer named Daniel Shay, led a small troops and tried to revolt against the government. Shays Rebellion was stopped, but exposed several major problems. First, there was not standing army to stop a rebellion. Second, many people, including Thomas Jefferson, agreed with Shay. Jefferson stated, The tree of liberty has to be watered with the blood of patriots and tyrants from time to time.It is as natural as manure. And thirdly, the A of C were not working AT ALL. In 1787, a quorum of 55 emissaries from 12 states gathered in Philadelphia. Thomas Jefferson called this a Convention of Demigods, but it was formally known as the Constitutional Convention. They issued many major compromises. One being the CT Plan/Great compromise. This set a standard to how many representatives in each state could be in Senate (equal) and the House of Representatives (based on population). Another compromise they established was the 3/5 compromise.This stated that slaves were to be counted as 3/5 of person. This greatly impacted when bills or policies were in the voting stages. Lastly, The Electoral College was created. The idea of this was to be used for future presidential elections. They were to use the number of congressional electors from each state to determine the president based on the states power. For example, California would have more Electoral College votes than Oklahoma because it has a higher population. Realizing th at the A of C has led to be a string of failures, George Washington appointed James Madison to construct the U.S. Constitution. Many Anti-Federalists sharply criticized the Constitution because it did not recognize many civil rights. The first 10 amendments of the Constitution, commonly known as the Bill of Rights, is a necessity to the most precious of our rights. It prohibits too much intrusion by the government. In other words, it greatly limits the governments power. As the country became more and more in debt, Alexander Hamilton argued that Assumption was the right way to go because the debts were caused by the shared goal of Independence.In addition, it put the states under more power by the federal government. Thomas Jefferson and James Madison met with Alexander Hamilton for dinner in Philadelphia one greatly historic weekend. They made a deal Jefferson would support Assumption and Hamilton would support moving the Nations capital to the Chesapeake area. This is why the capi tal is in the South and called Washington D. C. Once George Washington left office, John Adams took his place as President. Adams was not going to take any negativity for the way he ran things.So the Adams Administration established the Alien and Sedition Act which enforced arrest on any people who criticized the government. Thomas despised the way Adams took things during his presidency. So Jefferson runs against him and sabotages Adams presidency and wins the Election of 1800, aka The Revolution of 1800. Immediately, Jefferson with the help of James Madison tried to thwart the federal governments power. In conclusion, Early America, despite all the rebellious acts and criticism, served as a blueprint for global freedom enabling subsequent generations and nations to secure the blessings of liberty.Thanks to many great leaders such as George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, James Madison, Alexander Hamilton and many more, there is a standard set in the country that the Government must abide by. The impact of events such as the American Revolution, Boston Massacre, Constitutional Convention, etc. , the country has grown stronger and more knowledgeable about foreign affairs and globalization. Although America is still considered to be a young country, the history within this great nation is one of the richest in the world.

Commerce Study Notes Year 9

Commerce Law and Society Laws * A rule that governs the way you live, with minimal standards. * Protects populate and keeps peace. * Have freedoms, resolve disputes, protection. Anarchy Without order. Mediation a third person that ultimately decides, outside of court * * Registered person. * Two parties and mediator. * A compromise is do. * Mediations cheaper and voluntary. Matrimonial property of marriage, everything is shared * * Matrimonial assets. * Court considers contributions of parties. * Child is pincer of marriage governing body in Australia Governments make rights to control us. They set up systems to enforce practice of truths. * Governments set up courts to decide upon breaches of laws. Jury decides whether the person is guilty or not, the judge decides the punishment Democracy Demo=People, Cracy=State * People elected by the state under a free voting system. All draw equal rights. * Provides laws and order, controls economic problems, and protects passel / env ironment. Types of Governments * Communism No private ownership. Government owns everything and provides the needs/ wants of the people. E. G. China, North Korea. Monarchy The Monarch (king, queen, emperor, empress, sultan) E. G. Kuwait, Saudi Arabia. * Constitutional Monarchy Powers of the monarch reduced by laws. Governor General represents the Monarch. E. G. Australia operates as a democracy. * Anarchy Government has broken down. No laws or authority. * genialism Ownership of all production (farms and factories) controlled by the people. Government puts responsibility on people. E. G. Sweden * Federation Involves federal official, State and local governments. Federal Government Issues * Customs * Currency * Defence Immigration/ emigration. * Aboriginal affairs. * Foreign affairs * Social security (makes people feel more secure) * Marriage/ divorce. The Australian Federal government is based on a bicameral system. * * Upper house Senate76 people * Lower house house of Reps 150 people State Government * * Each state divided into electorates * 93 electorates in NSW for lower house (legislative assembly- squirt room). * 43 electorates for upper house. * Voters elect a representative. * Each electorate contains 40,000 to 50,000 people.Jurisdiction * Each state in USA and Aus have legal jurisdiction. (authority in law) * Unity and centrality- POWER * granting immunity of speech, same rights (equality), justice. 3 Areas of Power Legislation parliamentary law voting politician Executive carries out law police Judiciary courts and resolve statue and courtship law Judiciary 1st level Local Court (judge and magistrate) minor matters e. g. shop lifting 2nd govern Court (judge)fairly serious matters e. g. armed robbery tertiary level Supreme Court (Judge/ justices) serious nefarious matters e. g. ife in-jailment 4th High Court (Judge) looks at paperwork, no evidence Federal Courts deal with federal law * Federal magistrates court of Australia * Federal court of Australia e. g. Family Courts Facts * Australian constitution sets out Federal powers. * Federal law prevails over state law. * Trade practices act Federal * Bankruptcy Hierarchy of Courts in Australia state courts * High court of Australia (up to 7 judges) * Federal court * Supreme court of appeal * Supreme court * District court * Local court Court Administration 1. Registry Handles the paperwork of the court.Charges fees. 2. Registrar Boss of the registry. What impact do fees have on justice? Fees restrict peoples access to the courts causing injustice and sewer be seen as discrimination. It also reduces the demand on the court system. It also deters frivolous or derisory cases. Contracts * A contract is a legally enforceable agreement between parties, outlining the obligations. * Oral/ verbal contract mouth (spoken). * Signed contract written (signed by parties). * Most contracts are oral but are signed when involving large sums of money. Elements of a contract . Off er A proposal where the person making an crack must clearly communicate. 2. Acceptance Occurs when the person making an offer agrees to the proposal. 3. Consideration Required to form a valid contract. Requires each ships company to give up something of value. * Implied term nothing in writing but a code of conduct is established. Cases * PS of Great Britain v BBC Ltd (1953) Customers offer can be refused. (the watch out out accepts offers) * C v CSB Co. (1893) Misleading advertising can be a contract. (offer at large) * Chappel & Co. V Nestle Co.Ltd (1960) Even with no value something can be passed from one party to another forming a contract. (caveat emptor buyer beware) The difference between Private law and Public law Private law (civil) laws that regulate peoples behaviour with other individuals. (non-criminal matters e. g. suing for civil wrongs) Public law (criminal) Peoples behaviour within society. (criminal law, protects people from other people e. g. robbery, homicid e , drug offences) Courts * Juries are normally involved in serious matters. * For minor matters you only have a local court magistrate.The adversail system two sides go against each other in an argument or a fight to argue their case. List the main courtroom officials * The judge (your worship) * The judge assistant * The lawyers * The reproduction reporter * The jury (6-12 in criminal case) * The barrister * The magistrate (your honour) Robbery taking property that belongs to someone else using threats/ violence. Civil law Civil law deals with no criminal matters. It allows an individual to sue other people Negligence Trespassing Defamation Nuisance Where a civil law is successfully proven in court, the wronged party will seek damages.The award of legal costs normally goes to the successful party that is either the plaintiff or defendant (but can be refused as these costs are discretionary up to judge) Civil Law Test To prove their test they must win the balance of probability m ore believably/ no certainty of truth. Criminal Law Test Beyond a reasonable doubt approx. Equal to certainty (protects people from others who do the wrong thing). Ignorance of the law is no excuse. In criminal law you have a Prosecutor In local courts usually police whereas in the higher courts hire is known as the Crown prosecutor. the Crown (R= Regina which means loyalty) v.Defendant In criminal matters the injured party is the State or the Crown. The offence is not against the person that has suffered at the hands of the alleged perpetrator but rather against the State (Crown). In criminal matters the victim cannot decide to punish the offender. This is for the Crown to make. Courtroom acts and definitions Indictable offences grievous crimes that are determined or tried by a judge or jury. Summary offences Less serious crimes which are relatively quickly dealt with by a magistrate in a local court. Manresa To have a guilty mind. If you are insane you cannot have mensrea.Quasi Semi criminal. In between civil and criminal. prohibition Order of the court to stop doing something. E. g. Stop playing loud music. Contempt of Court Disregarding or breathing an injunction or court order. code Law Law made by parliament. Restitution paying for damage caused by contempt of court Case/ common law Law made by judges. How laws are made Statute Law made by parliament through the passing of a bill or a referendum. common land/ case law Law is made by the courts of previous cases. 2 houses of parliament (legislative) 1st Lower house (house of reps) 2nd Upper house (senate)If a bill is continuously rejected than a double dissolution can be called meaning the public go to the polls to re-elect senators and representatives in the lower house. A courts primary role is to interpret and apply the laws of the parliament. Common law A judge can alter common law as it has arisen through the judges in England and then Australia. Alters law when necessary to allow justice. What binds the Common Law Precedent in law means those principles that have been decided in the gone that a court can rely on today. Higher courts make a precedent. How a bill becomes law The storage locker draft bills with senior ministers. cabinet is the prime minister) Bill is given to each member of parliament, then it gets read out loud for debate and voted in House of Reps. If majority in prefer bill is passed to senate. If passed in senate it goes to executive (governor general) for Royal assent (Is now an ACT of Parliament). If senate rejects bill they send it back as is or with amendments. If rejected for a routine time a double dissolution can be called. Common law Develops over time case by case. Each case represents a precedent. Precedent A strong example, defies what has happened before through principles of law. Judges RoleInterpret statute, common law, delegated legislation (ministerial law), and to enforce laws. Equality Enforcement of the law should be fair and shoul d result in equal punishments or penalties. A judge cannot lean on the scale (meant to be impartial). Our system is adversarial system (each party represented by a lawyer). referee All people are equal before the law. Symbols of justice The blindfold Justice is impartial (not influenced by wealth, race, sex, ect ). The scales Represent the legal system (weighing up both sides of argument). The sword The punishment to be imposed on any guilty party.

The ring of the phone made my head pound

The ring of the ph whizz made my head pound. I covered my ears as I walked towards the phone in a fragile manner. after a long night out in London, the sound of the phone was particularly what I wanted to hear. I scrambled over the edge of the wait room and clumsily grabbed the phone.Hello? I said sleepily.Hi Chrissie, how are you? Feeling any better?Oh hi Will, I actually feel terrible, I could do with some fresh air.Good because I want to take you out somew here(predicate), I commitnt seen you for agesHe was right wing. It had probably been six weeks since we had seen each other properly, and he oldest and topper friend. I asked him where he suggested we went.I dont k promptly, maybe Ill drive us out to my Aunts old cottage in the country. Get away from it all.It definitely sounded appealing. I involve it and so did Will. He had left for America and had been gone for three long weeks. When he got venture I was laming and couldnt meet him. Then I became ill.Youre on I said exc itedly.Cant wait, byeHe sounded pleased. Those few precious moments I had with him were fantastic. We had so much fun. I sprung up and bounded into my bedroom.Five minutes later, I appeared, pulling on my jacket. I turned of the television. The buzzer rang.Delivery, giggled Will. travel along on up.Will had always been a joker, ever since we were in our earliest school days. I opened the door and I was greeted by Will. A huge banana grin spread across his face, he had a glowing tan. He had one of those smiles that lit up the whole room. I shut the door and locked it behind me. When we got to the bottom of the stairs, he turned to face me and opened his arms I threw mine a roach his neck. He buried his face in my hair, squeezing me tight.Come on, we can catch up on the way. The tone of his voice was a well-chosen one. I hurried into his mini cooper. Its alright for some I thought to myself. I sat down and did up my seatbelt.What have you been doing since the last time I saw you? he asked, turning on the radio.Not much because Ive been off work, scarcely turkey cock and I did go down to his mums for a couple of days, but thats about it.Will had always been uncomfortable about me and Tom. He thought that Tom wasnt good enough for me. But he lived with it, after all he was my best friend. As my boyfriend, Tom thought that I spent too much time with Will.What did you get up to in America? I said, nerve-racking to change the subject.Erm, he stalled for a moment.I did lots of photo shoots and recorded and interview for a chat show.There was silence. My life seemed so boring compared to his. He was always bounding off somewhere or another flash.Do you know what? I whispered.What? replied Will.I want you to sing for me.Why? said Will sound rather shocked.Because the last time you did we were about eighteen.He turned up the car stereo and skipped to track fourteen and doing as he was told, he quietly began to sing Cut to the chase, your pretty face, search outer s pace, leaving no trace.I closed my look, tipped back my head and let the words flop over me, resembling waves onto the sand. At school everyone had nicknamed him Golden Tonsils, and now he fitted that name more than ever. As his voice faded I flicked my eyes back open and looked at him.Lets play a game he squealed with a childish glint in his eye.Okay, lets play name that tune, you start. He began to hum.About an moment later we pulled up outside his Aunts old house. It was bonnyly situated, at the top of a small hill. Will got out and opened the garden gate. I followed him round to the back of the house. I slumped into a patio chair.We can eat our sandwiches and stuff here, he said.Okay, Ill have chicken pleaseWill walked off into the house to lick lunch. Suddenly my phone began to buzz on the table. I picked it up and answered it.Hello? I asked.Is Tom there? said the voice.No Im sorry hes not here at the moment, can I ask whos calling?Its Lucy, his girlfriend. I froze in sho ck.Alright Ill dissever him to call you.The phone dropped from my grip and my eyes filled with tears.Whats treat? questioned Will concerned, as he appeared in the doorway.That was Lucy, Toms girlfriend, I mumbled.But what?I broke down in tears.Oh Chrissie, he said coming over to me. He understood and knelt by me to put his arm round my shoulder. I entangle safe in his arms, they formed a protective circle.I should have listened to you Will, you were right all along.Shhhh, dont consecrate that, he cooed. I sobbed, letting my head drop onto his shoulder. He lifted me up as though I was a plumage and sat me on his lap. I cried for what seemed like hours. I was interrupted again by my phone ringing. I turned to look at it, it said Tom mobile. Before I got chance to answer it Will cancelled the call.I dont want him to spoil our day, he said firmly, Im glad you told me everything instead of bottling it all up.If you say so.Well what do you want to do?I want to roll around on the gras s and get really muckyYou asked for it he call standing up and throwing me onto the grass. I screamed and tugged at his leg. He tumbled through the long grass, down the sloping garden. We landed in a patch of overgrown plants at the bottom of the hill. As he turned around I grabbed a handful of mud and threw it straight at his face, it dripped down past his nose. He gasped and send away about laughing. The phone rang again. I had to answer it.Hello, I said slightly out of breath.Chrissie, why did you hang up on me?Just leave me Tom, my eyes filled again.Will grabbed the phone and hung up on him. Tears slipped down my cheeks and plopped onto the grass.Its alright Chrissie, you dont need him, and I always knew he didnt deserve you.I should have listened to you Will.Its alright. He encircled me with his arms again. After a short while he suggested I went to wash all the mud out of my hair.Theres a shower in the main bathroom, you can use that, Ill use the en suite. I walked into the bathroom and turned on the shower.When I got out, my clothes were no where to be seen. I wrapped a towel around me and stepped out into the hall. I was face to face with Will.Just thought Id tell you that your clothes are in the washing machine, well have to find you something to put on. We scrambled through a wardrobe. There was one of his infamous sleeveless tops and some of his Aunts skirts.Thanks, I said waiting for him to leave. I got changed and walked into the kitchen. Will roared with laughter, the top almost reached my knees.How can it be dark? I asked sliding onto the worktop.Well you were in there for half an hourYoure kidding I said, shocked.Nope, do you want coffee?Yeah, sounds good.I followed him with my steaming mug into the living room. We sat on the sofa and sipped our coffee.Will, if you dont mind me asking, did you meet anyone in America? I asked cautiously.Of course I dont mind, I tell you anything and everything There was one, but we just had a couple of drink s.What was she like? I asked turning to face him.She was really nice, I wish I got her address so I could write to her.Didnt you even get her phone number? Will was normally more organised than that, I was surprised.No, I was going to get it but she had to work on the last day. I matt-up sorry for him.Anyway, tell me how the article went.Great, the editor loved it, I was really happy with it. We fell into silence. He looked at me with sympathy in his eyes. We talked late into the night, until I drifted off.The crash of thunder echoed around my room. I sat abscond up right in bed. I gasped as the thunder struck again. I ran from my bed and opened the door. I knocked on the guest room door.Come in, whispered Will a few moments later.I tip toed in and stood at the side of his bed.Im scared of thunder, I quivered.Come in here, he said lifting the covers back. I slid I and his put his arm around my shoulders.Youre shaking Why are you so scared of thunder? he asked after pausing. wholene ss summer when we were all on holiday abroad and I was only five, I was outside and it started raining. All I can remember is not cosmos able to find my mum. It began to rain hard and I hid in a corner. The thunder was booming so a man took me to the rep. I was alone for hours and I was so scared that something had happened to my family.The thunder clapped again, but louder.I hate this, I said over the roar of the thunder.You need to ignore it.How can I do that?Close your eyes.Why?Just do it, he said gently. immediately you just need to calm down and relax. He pushed my head back against the pillow. I felt his hand on my forehead as he massaged my temples. The thunder rumbled again but I didnt jump as much.Thats better, ignore it. I yawned. Go to sleep, he whispered. It wasnt that hard.As his lips pressed against mine I shivered.What are you doing Will? I asked as he kissed the side of my mouth.Dont you want this? he asked. I felt intrigued. I noddedKiss me, he whispered. He didnt waste a second before kissing me again.. Suddenly I was awake, sweating slightly.It had seemed so real, I couldnt believe what had just happened. My feelings had been so muddled recently I didnt know what to make of it.As the first beam of sunlight hit my face, I jumped up. It was Monday, work again. Will had already gone. I dressed quickly and grabbed my car keys and headed for the door. It had been mad couple of days. I arrived late so had to get straight to work.Where are the questions Im conjectural to be asking that guy today? I asked running clumsily through the office door.Over in your tray.Right, thanks. I picked them up.Room two, said someone walking past. I hadnt really got over the shock of my dream. I pushed open the door and the guy stood with his back turned, having his make up done.Typical, I muttered under my breath. He turned around. It was WillOh my Will, what are you doing here? I didnt know it was you I was interviewing.Hello Chrissie. I was not impressed. I l ooked at him and remembered why it felt weird. I blushed.Um, do you want to sit down? I asked, not taking my eyes off the written reportwork in front of me. He nodded. His huge eyes sparkled and he was smiling slightly. I had butterflies. He sat down in a large chair in front of me.So, Will, whats the title of your new album?Its called From Now On. I wrote down every word he said.Whats your favourite song on it? I asked still not taking my eyes off the paper in front of me. A door somewhere clicked, and closed. I could sense we were alone.When is it released? he sighed.Chrissie look at me. I didnt. His dactyl slid under my chin and he pulled my face up to look at him.Whats this all about? Why are you acting strangely?Nothing, I said, but my voice shook. He was beautiful in the dim light of the room.Chrissie, whats wrong, he repeated quietly ad I stared at the floor.Answer, he started But I silenced him with a finger to his lips. I put my head forward and captured his lips in mine. My eyes fluttered closed as I kissed him gently. I thought what am I doing? This could ruin everything. I wondered whether to tell him about my dream. It might unnerve him to discover that his best friend could quite possibly be in love with him.Will. I managed to look him in the eye.Yes?Ive got something to I think you ought to know, I said nervously. I took a occult breath.After some of the awful experiences Ive had in relationships recently, it made think.Go on, he said cautiously.I think, no I know that I want you. He looked away, and seemed confused. My heart sank. I knew I would regret telling him because I could now loose him as a friend.Im sorry, I was crazy to ever think you would feel the same.Well as it happens Ive got something to tell you too Chrissie. I wanted to tell you before but I thought it would break you.I felt awkward and tense, wondering what he had to tell me. Whatever he was going to say, looked like it was going to be bad news now.While I was over in the States, they offered me a fantastic contract working over there with a fantastic manager and a tour of my own. Its always been my dream to break America. But I came back here to think it through before reservation any decisions. Its such a huge step to take, to move away from all my friends and family because it means living there for three years.Oh. I was so indisputable hed take it.Ive thought long and hard about it and Ive decided that Im going to do it, its a once in a lifetime opportunity.I felt myself well up. Not only had I ruined my friendship with my best friend but I wouldnt see him for three years.But, he took a deep breath. After what youve just said.Yes?I want you to come with me

Outback

outback(prenominal) Steakhouse in Knoxville, TN, who recently assumed the overbold position of Joint-venture dispelner, and who go a look now be overseeing 12 restaurants located between Huntington, WV, and Pittsburgh, Is profiled as part of Nations Restaurant News NOR 50 General Managers Orchestrating Success feature. Throughout his days at the Knoxville property, Stanton Increased sales by a whopping 133% to $4. 3 million dollars. While Stanton rewards his employees financially, he withal is keen on showering them with the respect they deserve.He notes that cardinal of the most blissful aspects of his Job is to attach his staff evolve, slowly working their way through the ranks of the restaurant world. Joint-venture partner raises the stakes, ropes in customers, lassoes $4. 3 million in sales Since 1995 Tim Stanton has spent much of his time at the bustling inaccessible Steakhouse In Knoxville, Teen. He has watched sales make grow, led a staff that Is industrious and happy and enjoyed the unwavering support of his family. Now things ar about to imbibe even better.View Image Stanton, who recently was made Joint-venture partner, soon allow oversee 12 restaurant locations as well as intravenous feeding more that still are on a lower floor construction. This month Stanton assumed the new position of Joint-venture partner. Instead of overseeing single Outback in Tennessee, the 43-year-old now will watch over 12 restaurants located between Huntington, W. Va. , and Pittsburgh, as well as four that are under construction. This Is It, Stanton says. This Is my best tour of duty. All the rest were stepping stones. At Outback those with generalization responsibilities are not known as general arguers. Instead, they are called managing partners and have partial derivative ownership of their restaurants. As a result, managing partners have a personal stake in the success of their operations. For Stanton, who served as managing partner of the Knoxville res taurant for nine years, It was that vested Interest that incite him to generate sales aggressively. Its an ownership, Stanton says. l made a commit workforcet to generate sales. Without sales, on that point are no profits.Without profits, there Is no business. Its the perfect triangle. Ten percentage of the bottom line is profit. Throughout his years at the property, he increased sales by a whopping 133 percent to $4. 3 million dollars. Colleagues are in awe of the accomplishment. He took a store that was in a good place and increased sales, says Sheer Monnet, who worked alongside Stanton in Knoxville, helping to manage the front-of-the-house as well as tend bar. His bosses werent seeing those results in other stores, and so they said, Maybe you can show us how to do it. As a Joint-venture partner, Stanton will work hand in hand with managing partners, guiding them through operational challenges and keeping Outbacks mission fresh and alive. His new home base will be Pittsburgh, and his hours, often 70 to 75 hours weekly while he is in Knoxville, are likely to get longer. You goat do what you goat do, he says of his managing-partner days. If I needed to be in early, I came in early. If I needed to work late, I worked late. In Knoxville, Stanton managed a staff of 70, with more men in the kitchen and more women in the front-of-the-house.As Joint-venture partner, Stanton will oversee 840 people, and that number is likely to grow because building the Outback brand within his new territory will be one of his mandates. But Joe Roberto doesnt foresee any problems. Stations supervisor for a year and a half, Roberto is a Nashville, Teen. -based Joint-venture partner who worked directly above Stanton and now shares similar responsibilities for a different regional market. Hes incredibly driven and extremely motivated, Roberto says of Stanton. Hes detail-oriented and passionate about food quality. Hes demanding but fair. View Image The in Knoxville, Teen. Has b een the site of many a(prenominal) an(prenominal) community swordplayd- raisers and has contributed to such organizations as The Heart Association, The Lupus Foundation and Race for the Cure. As Monnet recalls, Stanton was an inspiring boss. Hes an extreme perfectionist, she says. He delineates his expectations high and knows what needs to be done. Stanton is no fantastic to the restaurant industry. The Illinois native actually went to school for coal-mining technology, mistakenly thinking thats how he wanted to spend for mom-and-pop establishments and fast-food chains, and decided he needed to become a part of it.To escape the cold Midwestern winters, Stanton became area manager of the Long John Silvers franchise market in the Southeast. He also worked for eight and a half years as a Chilis general manager and credits that company with teaching him the importance of fresh food. When he learned about the opportunities at Outback, he made the leap. Based in Tampa, Flat. , Outba ck now has 825 namesake steakhouses as well as several other full-service concepts. View Image Stanton says he rewards his financially and also is keen on showering them with the respect they deserve.Monnet says the fact that Stanton was such a dedicated managing partner made the Knoxville Outback feel more like a wanton home than an impersonal and stuffy business. She says Stations own family was very involved with the dynamics of the restaurant. It was not uncommon to see his wife helping out with the books. His sons and daughters also worked there at different times. L would love to Just slow my kids down from growing up, says Stanton, a self- described family man who has been married for 21 years and has four children.While Stanton rewards his employees financially, he also is keen on showering them with the respect they deserve. He notes that one of the most blissful aspects of his job is to watch his staff evolve, slowly working their way through the ranks of the restaurant world. There is someone who came on board with me who went from being server to bartender to key employee, he notes. Someone else also came on board as a server, hen started working in the back on salads, then went on to become key employee and then manager. Some people are not focused on life yet but have that fire in them. For his employees Stanton likes to keep it simple, believing that it is the little things that keep everyone happy. Hes the kind of guy who powerfulness let someone take the day off or, for a more morale-boosting team event, rent a movie theater out for a fun afternoon flick. He says the most important thing he has learned along the way is that communication is vital. He always listens and also encourages his staff to get involved. And he does so not Just in the restaurant. An avid community leader, Stations generous spirit reaches out to his own backyard.Under his leadership the Knoxville Outback has been the site of many community fund-raisers for grade schoo ls and churches and has contributed to such diverse causes as The Heart Association, The Lupus Foundation and Race for the Cure. Once, around Halloween, local children were encouraged to pick pumpkins, decorate them and bring them to the Knoxville Outback to display them so that customers could vote on their favorites. Despite his stellar accomplishments, Stanton maintains that he is doing nothing less Han acting upon his commitment to Outback. We have to be committed and set the bar high, he says. We have to be ready and take care of the guests as a group goal. You need great food and great people. Its a team. Some people are exceptional in themselves. Surround yourself with great people, instill pride in them and give them something they can take pride in. Sidebar Tim Stanton Outback Steakhouse Outback Steakhouse Inc. Concept type casual Steakhouse Company location Tampa, Flat. Unit location 330 N. Peters Road, Knoxville, Teen. No. Of years with company 9 years, 6 months Age 43 H ometown Carbondale, Ill.Personal married, four children, ages 9 to 21 Most rewarding part of your Job seeing the people I work with grow with the company work with. Tip for otter general managers Surround yourself with great people. What the boss says Ive known Tim Stanton for eight years, says Ben Novel, vice president of operations for Outback Steakhouse. He linked Outback in 1994, and since then hes been up there, winning Proprietor of the Year six times. During his tenure Tim became a managing partner and grew sales from $3. 2 million to $4. 3 million. Its a spectacular thing. Hes a developer of people.

Natsume Soseki’s Kokoro

Few sweets d ar to touch the inner vulnerability of humankind. It is Sosekis Kokoro that captures the essence of friendship and l aceliness, truth and betrayal, and life and death. The novel is, after all, soaked human nature. Any one reading this powerful work will quickly relate to the characters who go through tremendous strife, personal changes and much reflection. maculation Kokoro was written in Japan many years ago, it may be valuable to a lecturer even in contemporary society as its attributes may be embraced today, despite its age and cultural focus.Natsume Sosekis Kokoro explores a great deal of subject matter. Several themes are woven into the pages of this older novel. It is join to say, at least based on a personal experience, that one might have a tendency to discount the credibility of the work or deem much of the information irrelevant due to ages age and cultural differentiation. However, it will be sh let that Kokoro is a novel that, like so many others, brea ks the barriers of time. Soseki successfully creates deep characters that permeate the weak boundaries of the human character.We recognize that this novel shares a sense of timelessness supporting the entire foundation the themes we see explored here are quite applicable to the lives we live today. Naturally, the Japanese component of the work is what makes the clear distinction between Japanese culture and Western mentality. plainly all the same, the ethics in Kokoro seem to be fundamental enforcing great personal reflection upon the reader. As the reader progresses through the novel, contemplating themes and depicting the characters, specifically the adjudgeman and Sensei, he begins to bump the notion that indeed the characters possess a sense of timelessness.They could have been born in the twentieth century and experienced the same sort of friendship and turmoil. However, the descent between the cardinal men is out of the realm of ordinary fiction. It is unique and somethi ng that this causality explores quite candidly. The fact that the two are in a close friendship and that the adolescent student explores new territory is in some way allowing the older character to live up to his title of teacher, or Sensai. Yet, in exploring the issue of timelessness, and applicability to other situations, the particular point about the friendship between the two is omething that could have taken place anywhere and anytime. turn other portions of the work are pertinent to Japanese culture, the exploration of such a friendship is something that is truly universal. The reader might note perhaps the unusual person of their kindred, though, con billetring the ages of the men. Yet, such friendships do form between old and young youthful intellectuals might find greater knowledge in those older individuals who experienced floor than what is written in a book. Clearly, their relationship differs from that of the bonds between grandparents and grandchildren though.Th ey are peers, respectful and yet colloquial in their manners. In the case of Kokoro, the relationship begins between two strangers but the friendship formed becomes intense very quickly. There are yet more ways to explore relationships between men in the novel. It mustiness be emphasized that these relationships all too often go unnoticed and unexplored by fiction. Soseki looks at not only the students relationship with Sensei but also with his dying father. Here we have a young man, his father on his death-bed and his mentor stating to have ended his life.What was the student to do, where was he to go, who would he want to be with during those mens last minutes of life? Quite a lot of pressure for any individual. He was caught up in the times, the evolution of modernization and the uncertainty as to remain in the handed-down realm of Japanese culture and stay by his fathers side or perhaps continue to pursue his education and knowledge, returning to Sensai to demonstrate his gra titude, devotion, and friendship. Ironically, it is Sensei who commits self-annihilation The emotions that well up in the young man, however, are truly universal.A sense of betrayal and sadness permeate the work and create a void. After all, things were going quite well in the world of friendship and virile bonding until the young students mentor of sorts would commit this ultimate act. This story is about one mans journey through self-fulfillment and the revelations he makes after befriending a man. In one way, it is more about a personal journey than about a relationship. What is most troubling, and lends the work a somber tone, is the main characters loneliness, yet another theme illustrated in this novel. In some way, Sensei helps to break through that barrier.After Ks suicide, he realized the atrocities of his actions and the heinous development of his character from diligent student to human betrayer. After much time of personal torment, K confided in him of his drive in fo r Ojasan. Why Sensai seemed surprised as to the context of the confession somewhat confuses the reader as clearly anyone could have seen that K was also in love with her, in fact, surely Sensai knew, but he reclined to a state of denial. He states, I matt-up as if I had been turned into stone by a magicians wand. I could not even move my lips as K had done (205).As Sensai came to understand it was he who was responsible for the death of this man, he matte up he had no choice but to cease all human actions and remain an outcast in society, secluding himself to his home and his wife. Surely, no one could understand what he had done or what he had been through, not even his wife as he states, I was saddened by the thought that she, whom I loved and trusted more than anyone else in this world, could not understand me. And the thought that I had not the courage to explain myself to her mad me sadder still. I was very lonely.Indeed, there were times when I felt that I stood completely a lone in this world, cut off from every other living person (240). He began to realize he was no bimestrial innocent like the student who visited him often, the student he had once been, but he became his betraying uncle who robbed him of the only money his parents left him after they died. And even more than this worrisome character, Sensai then evolved into a character such as K, burying himself in books, avoiding people and friendships, bottling up all of his emotions inside and eventually ending his life as a means of escaping loneliness.Certainly another significant theme explored in this novel is the assumption that by losing ones identity, one learns to value it. What is meant by identity is that by rejecting ones own particular understanding of themselves, they are likely to find it once again, a theory that that cannot be ignored as the student learned this by befriending the old man. And he did not do this in the easiest way. His challenge was between the two cultures, th at of a liberal nature and that of a traditional nature. He imply did not know which one to turn to in times of need and in desperation to seek knowledge. In fact, perhaps what makes the novel so powerful is its thought provoking style, allowing the reader to analyze his own life through the main characters journey. The loss of ones identity perhaps creates a blank slate to enable one to find it. We see quite a change in the young man as he learns that Sensai will commit suicide. While it is unenviable to read about suicide and how it affects others, this is a major theme as the construct of suicide is universal.When it is brought up, the ultimate questions must be asked and answered. Sometimes there are no answers. The young man wrestles with a great deal of conflict passim the novel but it is the knowledge of the suicide that perhaps becomes the final straw the young mans loneliness is accentuated. What does he have left? many another(prenominal) people have experienced such tr auma in their lives and may be able to relate to what he felt. There is that sense of betrayal and self-blame, what if I had done or said something differently? Such thoughts are enough to drive any individual to insanity.There are moments when emotions of remorse and guilt are so overwhelming they cloud all better judgment and force the individual into a deep state of depression. The ultimate questions of free will and luck come rushing to consciousness. Sensai even declares that it was his pre-destined fate that his life would conclude this way as he states, Her fate had been pre-ordained no less than mine had been (244). The themes carried through the book are certainly something ingrained in more modern fiction, thus proving that the theme has a sense of timelessness.The novel is further a testimony that suicide does indeed affect more than ones self. Of course, even if suicide is not legal or does not conform to a societys standards, there is energy one can do to punish the person who commits such an act. Speaking of suicide, Sensai states, Some may say that this was a vain sort of thing to do. But who are we to judge the needs of another mans heart? (247). He is already dead. It is those who are living who must bear the brunt of the act and that is what, in a higher place all, this novel shows. With the use of Sensei, the spring is able to tell more about the young student.This technique also creates empathy for the father who additionally served to create conflict inside the reader. Loyalty is sometimes split and there is sometimes a sense of tension in the air. The characters reveal something every reader can use, something perhaps the author was conscious of. The author may not have realized that these characters, and their predicaments, would be so moving as to inspire its audience to examine ones own self. Soseki creates a difficult situation and through the main characters, is able to inspire a number of emotions that the reader likely can u se and identify with.The reason is because although the author uses a certain predicament, the problem can be easily applied to other situations. Thus, it is quite easy to look at Kokoro and think about ones own personal dilemmas that are somewhat related to the problems that torment these characters. The idea that the book permeates time and is applicable to todays world, through use of the characters, has been demonstrated. It would be difficult to argue against it as Sosekis characters certainly live today. Reading Kokoro is like looking in a mirror, sometimes at things no one wants to see.It begs the reader to question his or her own personal relationships and how far they would go for a friend. How far would they go to protect their own honor? What would one do if a friend did kill himself? What would it take for the reader to commit the ultimate act? And yet, time would continue. That it a message that emanates from the pages of this great work and breaks through the boundarie s that time tries to inflict. The concepts inherent in the work are certainly applicable in modern society despite the fact that the author lived so long ago in Japan.

A Study of Brand Strategy for Supermarket Industry in Hong Kong

In the growing FMCG market of Hong Kong, the construct of blot schema for supermarkets is the most vital variable of interest to retailers. This inquiry makes an in-depth analysis of the dimensional aspects of brand strategy for supermarket industry with additional focus on the store image which is the antecedent for store the true.The research extends to examining the efforts of the supermarkets in Hong Kong to assess the soundness of such efforts in building a brand strategy for an effective store loyalty towards their stores.The research proposes to achieve the objectives of assessing the effectiveness of the efforts of the supermarkets in building a brand strategy by a review of the available literature on the topic of study and also by conducting a social research by employing recognized research methods to present a comprehensive and analytic report on the findings of the research.The study proposes to use qualitative methods for the hive upion of secondary data and infor mation including a collection of a wide range of resources for a review of the literature on the topic of the study. decimal method in the form on an Online Survey of the customers of supermarkets by using a well constructed questionnaire to collect their opinions on the effectiveness of the efforts of the supermarkets in building a brand strategy in the supermarket industry in Hong Kong.The study will consider various attributes that promotes the brand strategy towards the supermarkets in Hong Kong.It will be amazing for the people who visit the Asian Cities like Hong Kong, Singapore and Bangkok for the first time to witness the role, obtain plays in the culture of the local people in this region.Retail therapy can be considered to be a patent national pastime of these regions. With the growing wealth in Asia and with the enhancement in the disposable income of the people in the continent, there are every chances that consumer based firms will emerge as the strongest sector in the access periods.Under the Closer Economic Partnership Agreement (CEPA) there had been a higher influx of tourists from China which has resulted in a growth of 9.7 percent higher sales in the departmental stores as of September 2006 on a year-on-year comparison.According to a survey conducted by ACNielsen the market research firm, on 22000 global consumers, Malaysia, Hong Kong, and Indonesia were included in the top 10 markets in the consumer confidence. (ACNielsen Global Consumer Confidence Report, Jan 2006)With the increased consumer activities in the retail sales it becomes consequential for the supermarkets to assess the shopping habits of the consumers and adjust their marketing strategies to maximize the sales growth and revenue. This is especially necessary in a large consumer market like Hong Kong.The effectiveness of the actions from the supermarkets on improving the stores loyalty, though depends largely on the consumer buying habits there are several other factors tha t determine the store loyalty like, proximity of localization principle of the stores, brand awareness, quality of the products, pricing and promotional offers and other consumer habits.Being a highly sensitive issue acquiring the store loyalty of the consumers is a tough task for the supermarkets as switching to alternative stores by the customers cost nothing to them and is also less cumbersome. This poses a great challenge to the supermarkets. In this context this research makes a detailed study into the effectiveness of the efforts of the supermarkets in building a brand strategy for establishing store loyalty among the consumers.

Actions and context of social Essay

Hale arrives in Salem and begins to interrogate Abigail. He is very point and soon Abigail realises that she cannot avoid his questions any more. She knows she must escape his attention simply she cannot run otherwise she give look suspicious. Instead, she cleverly implicates Tituba. Abigail constructs her involvement to become the leader of the proceedings, trying to force the other girls and her into following her lead. afterward confession, Tituba is told to tell the names of people seen with the d evil. Mrs Putnam asks whether her past midwives had been in contact with the devil.Abigail soon says the names of Sarah Good and finesse Osburne as she quickly reveals that they ar in contact with the devil. By satisfying her interrogators suspicions, despite their untruthfulness she can divert attention away from herself. Her intelligence and unique influence is demonstrated as she does so and sends the professional men of the court into a frenzied excitement, as they believe th ey have found psyche in touch with the devil. By being the first and shouting out names, she has power and trust with the court. She and then begins to call out more names, adding to Titubas list.This excites Betty whom immediately rises and joins in the chanting of names. She is described to be transaction out hysterically and with great relief. Then their ecstatic cries mould into a gleeful tone, adding an evil edge. Abigail has forged her way out of trouble and Betty has picked up on the plan, assured that she is safe from punishment and joins Abigail. They are now beyond accusation or danger and happy to call names out. Betty is following Abigail, but Abigail has no need to continue as she has already said Elizabeths name.The other names of people, she has no involvement with and most importantly, people who bear no importance in Salem and are open to prosecution. It is a fiendish scene, as if the girls are possessed by evil. They are not however and that leaves notwithsta nding one reason, that Abigail is wreaking her specific revenge for her parents deaths. It is one of her more evil actions in the play, as it cannot be accounted for. This shows that she does not hate and have power over people she wants revenge for, but everyone of human society. In my opinion, she is a disturbed character. She is initially perceived as being wild bright and proud.Her character then develops a ghastly quality that becomes a large influence over everybody in the village of Salem. She abuses this ability to turn things to her advantage and others fate. She develops an evil insensitive, which would seem to be her character, however occasionally she shows different emotions in moments of intense fondness and fear. Abigail is the hidden secret of the play. She covers behind her sweet little girl innocence and manipulates it between the characters, which brings up legion(predicate) truths from the past. Her quest however, soon becomes an addiction as she has people kil led and blames anyone to get back John Proctor.

Learning Plan Essay

The learning plan described in this paper is to dumbfound educatees manage a root word related to the Civil war. The surround topic is Was the Emancipation Proclamation enacted for moral reasons or political reasons? The of import concept of this learning plan is to have schoolchilds work collaboratively to search facts, and rec all in all and use facts from the Civil War unit to turn back into their arguments. (It should be noned that the learning plan described in this paper lead take several classes to complete, however the learning plan procedures provide barely address the class where the debate get step to the fore occur.) It is assumed that debate skills were taught in a previous class. The learning theory for certain incorporates constructivist aspects. They argon constructing knowledge rather than absorbing it. This is constructivist approach is illustrated through the collaborative spirit of the assignment, as closely as through the research that learne rs moldiness produce. In terminal figures of the use of technology and media the students get out be schooled to research one source of information, from the meshwork, related to their argument. They moldiness submit a one-page analysis of the information in which they put in along with a identifyences page.This must be submitted to the instructor a week before the scheduled debate. The instructor volition assess the capability of the paper, but the references page exit as well as be important. teacher must evaluate the kinds of meshing sources that the students have used. The credibility of the internet source, and the strength of students research pass on be analyzed by the instructor. The purpose is to assess students traditional literacy and critical uninflected skills (assessed when evaluating the content), and information literacy/interpretation skills of online material (assessed by reviewing the reference page). Finally, the teacher go out hand back papers to the students, and he/she give instruct each chemical convention to use at least dickens of their group members papers into their groups arguments.Media and technology go out also be incorporated with the use of neighborly media. The teacher leave behind tell students that their debates will be recorded and submitted to youtube or a private prep be website (if issues of privacy are raised). Others will be allowed to view the video to evaluate the strength of each police squads arguments. Based on the comments of public viewers, a winner will be chosen (by everyday vote). This popular vote will be incorporated as a small percentage into the assessment. This is universe done as to allow students toparticipate in new media opportunities indoors an educational context. skill project ContextSettingThe high implyfully school will be a steep inculcate in the Bay Area, either in San Francisco or Oakland. There will be 25-30 students in an nearlyone schoolroom.The less on will take place the week after the Civil War unit is finished. It is anticipated that the unit will last about two weeks, therefore the debate class will occur during the one-third week. The actual debate class will take up one class period. The content part is US bill/Politics. The grade level is Juniors (11th grade). In sum, the curriculum unit is 11th grade, US History/Politics, Civil War unit. StandardsAccording to calcium standards for literacy in History/Social Studies in 6-12th grades. A student must be able to set up analysis of primary and secondary sources, and connect these insights to the understanding of the solely text. This ability will be address and assessed when students must incorporate information learned from the casebook with information gained from the internet, and use both sources of information, into their debate. The students ability to undertake this task will be evaluated by the teacher with the submission of students sources, and also during th e debate. (http//www.cde.ca.gov/be/st/ss/documents/finalelaccssstandards.pdf.) Also according to California standards, students must be able to evaluate various explanations for events and actions.Learning ObjectiveStudents will be able to collaboratively demonstrate their knowledge of Civil War policy, events and information, from the textbook and from online sources, by formulating arguments to be presented within a debate. Learning guess ApplicationsConstructivism is certainly at play in this lesson planThe use allows knowledge to be organized into schemas, concepts, and worldviews. This activity is emphasizing the use of authentic activities by constructing knowledge through interaction with the environments (internet and peers), and applying it to real-life situations (debate). The collaborative component certainly illustrates constuctivism learners will help each separate create conceptual connections. Finally, students are working autonomously with the help of the teacher as facilitator, supporter, and model (Ormrod, 2006). Learning AccommodationsIndividualized Education Plan for Special Accomodations In each group, all students will be appoint a role. For example, speaker, spellr, time- honourer. A students IEP will be taken into consideration when assigning roles. A student with an IEP, will be assigned a role that best fits their IEP. For example, a student with ADD, may be best suited to be a time- hang oner since their attention span is non as focused. They may be anxious to change the pace of the groups discussions, and therefore they may be eager to keep track of the time. Language Development needs When assigning the internet-based research the teacher will institute ELL students a website to navigate to, instead of having the students navigate the internet themselves. instructor will give explicit instructions as to where to look on the website so students do not feel too overwhelmed with the English language.Teacher will ask the stude nts to try to comprehend rough of the information, however if this proves too difficult, then the teacher will ask the students to find 15-20 words from the website that the student did not understand. The student will then find the meanings of these words in their give birth language. They must write at least a paragraph about the Civil War unit incorporating five of the words that they run aground on the internet. Also,at least two of these words must be incorporated into the arguments of their police squad up. Gifted and sharp needs This is a challenging component to consider because a gifted/talented student does not necessarily mean an academic-rigorous student. To really tailor the lesson to address the interests of a gifted/talented student, then the teacher will have to be familiar with the personality of that particular student. However, some situations will be addressed here. First of all, from the research, the lesson itself befits that of a gifted/talented student. Competition, which characterizes a debate, usually suits the personality of gifted/talented students. The start situation to consider is a student who is gifted/talented, but not academically rigorous. This student will be given a leadership role within his/her team up. He/she may be assigned to organize/manage all the ideas of the students. He/she is the one who will be given the glossiness for what the teacher is assessing when observing the teams discussions and arguments. He/she is the manager, and he/she will be assessed on their ability to keep his/her team on task. In this way, this student isnt necessarily doing more academic work, but he/she is being challenged in a rather difficult manner. A second situation to consider is to have a gifted/talented student who is academically rigorous. The teacher will give this student a second component to add to his/her research paper. The student must connect textbook material and internet material to the US politics of today. This is increasing the cognitive process from analyze (which all students must do with their research papers) to evaluate (Anderson and Krathwol, 2001). The student can choose to incorporate this extra component into their teams arguments. Resource AccommodationsLow tech There are no computers, projector, or internet access in the classroom. If this is the case, teacher may have to allocate time in different lessons to use school facilities where computers are available. Computers must be used so that the teacher can repoint students the kinds of websites that are credible, as well as to use sites, like youtube, to show students examples of debates. Computer use is necessary so teacher may have to take time before or after school to meet with students (who are willing) to show them the above-mentioned websites. Mid tech One computer connectedto a projector is available in the classroom. The teacher can use this computer to show examples of credible websites, as well as to show examples of debates online. High tech Class is equipped with several computers. Teams can go online themselves to view videos of debates and start research for their paper. In this way, the collaborative nature of the lesson will start even earlier (in the pre-planning stage). Content-Based Literacy SkillsIn terms of text-based literacy students must incorporate information from their textbook into their arguments Critical thinking, reflective thought, and text-supported thinking will be illustrated when students must draw connections among internet-based information and textbook information while doing their analysis/research paper. This connection will be evaluated when students cute their sources within their paper. (This explanation will also illustrate students information literacy.) New Media Literacy Skills accomplishment This skill is illustrated when students view sample debates on the internet and use this as models of performance in their give birth debates. Collective Intellig ence This skill is done when students are within their respective teams and they must draw upon their knowledge and others ideas, research, and knowledge to formulate strong arguments. Judgement This skill is illustrated when students must judge which websites and information are to be implyd in their research/analysis paper. Networking Once again, this skill is illustrated when students must search, connect, and analyze information on the internet for the purpose of their research/analysis paper (Jenkins, 2001). Learning MaterialTextbook Learners will need textbook so that they can recall information. Paper, pen Leaners will need so that they can write down information. Rubric Both the learner and teacher needs. Learners need it so that they are aware of whats expected of them while working in teams and formulating their arguments. Teacher needs it so that he/she can refer to it when assessing the teams progress. Notes Learners will need them as a reference when formulating argum ents. Stopwatch/watch This will be given tothe student whose job is timekeeper. Video Camera Used to record the debateLearning Plan Procedures soma I Motivation operationTeacher will show a briefly clip of a very powerful, interesting debate. Possibly a presidential debate. The clip will only show the most poignant part (according to the teacher) of the debate. Hopefully the clip will be no yearner than 5 minutes long. (if theres no computer available, then teacher must add in her/his own computer.) In a class of 30 chair/table. There will be 15 chairs/ tables on each side of the room. They will be facing eachother. Learners will enter the classroom and sit down immediately with their team. The teacher will then show the video as presently as the class is seated and quiet. This activity is being done to motivate, encourage, and remind students of what a good debate looks like so that the output of the students debates can match skills such as speaking (clear and concise) and eye -contact of the debaters within the video. Phase II Input (Teacher Driven) ActivityDuring this class, the teacher will, serve only as facilitator, therefore not ofttimes activity will be driven by the teacher. However, after the video, the teacher will remind students of the rubric that was given to them, and tell students that she/he is only their to assist in the logistics of the debate (time, flow, managing emotions if this be throw ins a problem). The teacher will also instruct students to take notes on each others arguments because this assignment will be important for their homework assignment. She/he will also remind student that they will be recorded. Teacher will tell all students to take out their rubrics.She/He will go over some key point from the rubric as it relates to the debate. The teacher will tell students to make sure that they keep these key points in mind because these points will be assessed during the debate. The teacher will instruct students to have their r ubrics out for the entire class so they can monitor their teams progress by themselves. Teacher will formally go over key questions from the rubric that he/she hopes the teams have incorporated into the nature of the debate (clear speech, eye contact,concise points, respectful behavior) as well as into the content of the debate. In term of the nature of the debate, questions might look like Is my team being quiet/respectful as the other team presents their arguments?, Are my responses to the others teams arguments not insulting? etc. In terms of the content of the debate, questions may look like, Did my team incorporate facts from the textbook?, Did my team use at least two credible internet sources within the argument?, Did my team follow particular(a) instructions assigned by the teacher (e.g. incorporating ideas from IEP students, ELL student, gifted students)?. This activity and these questions serve to remind students of the importance of the collaborative nature of the learni ng objective. They also serve to remind students that they must be able to demonstrate their understanding of the Civil War unit, as well as their understanding of outside sources within the context of an argument. Phase III Output (Learner Driven) ActivityStudents will take part in a debate. The topic is Was the Emancipation Proclamation enacted for moral reasons or political reasons? This activity will illustrate the learning objective in several ways. First, the collaborative nature of the previous classes will finally be demonstrated. Second, the students must illustrate their knowledge of Civil War policies within their arguments. Third, both sides arguments must include information from outside sources. The teacher will select one team to present their arguments first. Recording will beginThe speaker of that team will stand up and come to the front of the class. They will present their teams argument. In the argument they must mention the sources in which they got their inform ation. For example, if they got a particular piece of data from the textbook, then they must state As is presented in the textbook. If they got a particular piece of data from the internet then they must state, As is presented on so-called website, or by so-called author They must also explicitly state how they used the special instructions from the teacher. For example, (ELLs students name) found that compromise was not a possible event of the Civil War. In this example, it is assumed that compromise was on a list of words that an ELL student did not understand. He/she presented these list of words tohis/her team. The team reviewed the list, and chose to use the word compromise as part of their argument. The student will finish the presentation of his/her argument. The teacher will tell the next team to present its argument. The team will follow the same procedure as above. The teacher will then stop arranging of the debate.This debate will naturally lead to questions, comments from both the teacher and the students. Phase IV CulminationThe teacher will ask the groups to clear up any misunderstandings or misinformation the teams may have had within their argument. This is to give other team members a chance to speak about the argument, which reinforces the collaborative effort of the lesson. The teacher will also ask students how their teams or the other teams information and debate skills differed and how these things were similar to the debate presented in the beginning of the class. As a smaller activity, the teacher will instruct all the students to come up with one question, comment, critique of the other teams argument. This assignment will illustrate each students understanding of the Civil War Unit because it challenges students to relate, connect, or counter-argue their own knowledge of the unit. This question will be submitted to the teacher. Phase V ExtensionFor homework, students will write a one-page analysis of the opposing teams arguments. T he student will address the opposing sides arguments. He/she will evaluate the arguments weaknesses, strengths and why he/she disagreed or agreed with the points that were made. Learning Plan digestFormative assessments will include analyzing the collaborative efforts of the team, the behavior of each team during the presentation of the opposing teams arguments, how well each team member took on their role within their team, and how well the team incorporated textbook information, outside information, and special instructions from the teacher into their argument. A summative assessment will include the teachers evaluation of the internet analysis/research paper, the one-page analysis of opposing teams argument, teachers evaluations of the strength of the arguments, and finally the popular vote (the results of youtube or school-based website).Weaknesses of this lesson plan include time constraints, and the many assessments involved. It may be difficult to accurately assess how well each team members took on their roles. Some students may still be taking on more work than others. Also, incorporating ELL/IEP students prove to be a difficult task.. Strength of the lesson is it fosters team work, analytical skills, and gives students more power in the statement and implementation of a lesson. The teacher will implement these varied assessments in its first year, and then will evaluate the effectiveness of these assessments for future classes.The learning theories applied in the first phase was Vygotzkys cognitive Process. Students are witnessing two adults debating and they are expected to try to learn/imitate the behaviors of those adults. In the second phase, favorable cognitive theory is at play. The teacher both models desired behaviors/outcomes, as well as emphasizes self-efficacy and self-regulation. In the third phase, constructivism is illustrated. The debate is student-driven because the students are demonstrating their constructed knowledge within the debate. The assessments have a behaviorist component. Negative sustenance (decrease a behavior) is illustrated when the teacher warns students that if they are not respectful or a team member does not contribute meaningfully, then they may be marked down (Ormrod, 2008).ReferencesAnderson, L. W. , & Krathwol, D. R. (2001) . A Taxonomy for Learning, Teaching, and Assessing, 28-31.California Department of Education. (2013) California Common Core State Standards. http//www.cde.ca.gov/be/st/ss/documents/finalelaccssstandards.pdf Jenkins, H., Clinton, K., Purushotma, R., Robison, A. J., and Weigel, M. (2006). Confronting the Challenges of Participatory Culture Media Education for the 21st Century. Chicago, IL MacArthur Foundation. Ormrod, J. E. (2008). educational Psychology Developing Learners, 8. 25-36. Teachers First. (2014) http//www.teachersfirst.com/gifted_strategies.cfm